科罗纳多CORONADO

奥拉认为圣达菲路的使用始于印第安人。但我想指出的是，除了美国之外，有五个部落本来不会出现在名单上，他们一直在美国南部忙着自己的事情。这就是我们第一次见面时我所说的美国印第安人种族灭绝。这并不是一场种族灭绝。只是结果就这么演变了。显然，奥拉看过切罗基人曾经在俄克拉何马州萨拉贵表演的一出戏，正是讲述这个故事，那里还有一个博物馆用博物馆里讲故事的方式来讲述这个故事。我一直在为科罗纳多鼓劲，但我认为历史书也应该提到印第安人所谓的“泪水之路”。关于这一点，还有一部戏剧作品，但是在眼泪之路的另一端，也就是北卡罗来纳州，它叫《到这些山里去》。
Aura makes the point that human use of Santa Fe Trail started with the Indians. But I would like to point out that one group that wouldn’t have been on it except for the U S of A was five tribes who had been minding their own business in the American south. This is what I called the American Indian genocide when we first met. It wasn’t meant to be a genocide. It’s just that it sort of turned out that way. Apparently Aura saw a play the Cherokees used to do in Tsa-la-gui Oklahoma that told this story, and they still have a museum there that tells the story in the way museums tell stories. I’m still beating my drum for Coronado, but I think the history books also ought to mention what the Indians quite rightly called the Trail of Tears. There is still a theatrical production about this, but at the other end of the Trail of Tears, in North Carolina. It’s called “Unto these Hills”.

我在这里讲的这些情况，有更进一步的详情，请访问维基百科的链接。
For a more detailed version of the outline I’ll give you here, go to the link in Wikipedia.

简而言之，事情是这样的：那些切罗基、乔克托、塞米诺尔、契卡索和克里克族印第安人被迫从他们在哥伦布发现新大陆之前就居住的南方腹地，迁移到1000英里外的今天的俄克拉荷马州保护区。
In brief, here’s what happened: the Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Chickasaw and Creek Indian tribes were forced to travel from areas they’d lived in in the Deep South since before Columbus, to reservations in present day Oklahoma 1000 miles away.

这些部落被称为“五大文明部落”，因为正如乔治·华盛顿和其他一些人所希望的那样，为了生存，他们试图融入欧洲移民的社会，包括采用欧洲的农业方法、服装、房屋，许多人甚至皈依了基督教。有些甚至使用黑人奴隶在他们的棉花种植园里工作。那些都是过去的事情。一些西班牙人甚至在占领现今墨西哥城的几个世纪前就已经有了黑奴。奴隶制度并不是他们凭空想象出来的。是那些卖奴隶的人想出来的好主意。
Of the 16,000 Cherokee Indians who journeyed across the Trail of Tears, some 2000 to 8000 died en route from disease and cold weather. Their removal came on the heels of gold being discovered in Georgia. What a coincidence, huh ?

无论如何，许多来自欧洲的定居者主张彻底消灭“野蛮人”。美国总统安德鲁·杰克逊既是人民的领袖，也是人民的公仆。1830年，他签署了《印第安人迁移法案》，推翻了美国尊重印第安原住民权利的政策，主要是为了解决日益激烈的争论。1835年的新埃科塔条约以560万美元的价格将所有切罗基人的土地割让给美国。切罗基人得到了钱，美国得到了他们的土地。但许多切罗基人不愿意搬家。
Anyway, many settlers from Europe advocated total extermination of the "savages." And U.S.President Andrew Jackson was a servant of the people as much as their leader. He signed the Indian Removal Act in 1830 which reversed the U.S. policy of respecting the rights of Native American Indians, mostly to resolve the argument that was becoming more heated. The Treaty of New Echota in 1835 ceded all Cherokee land to the United States for $5.6 million. The Cherokees got the money and the U.S. got their land. But many Cherokees preferred to not move.

17000名切罗基人在1838年被迫离开他们的土地，踏上了圣达菲的泪水之路，每次1000人。美国士兵允许印第安人携带600辆马车、5000匹马和100多头牛，但是不允许他们在旅途中携带额外的衣服、食物或毯子。
17,000 Cherokees were forced off their land in 1838 and onto the Santa Fe Trail of Tears, 1,000 at a time. U.S. soldiers did not allow the Indians to take extra clothing, food or blankets for their journey, though they were allowed 600 wagons and carts, 5,000 horses and just over 100 oxen for the journey.

切罗基人的家园通过抽签的方式拍卖给美国公民。
Cherokee homelands were auctioned off to US citizens in a lottery.

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● Cherokee Heritage Center - Culture and history

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● Cherokee Heritage Center hours, directions, contact

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