科罗纳多CORONADO

阿拉尔孔在绿线的东端到达了最东端，科罗纳多率领的大军继续在红线上向东行进。这条线是红色的，因为这次长途跋涉很快就给科罗纳多和他的追随者带来了极大的尴尬和挫折。红色的另一个原因是西班牙人称之为“土耳其人”一个印第安奴隶差点就要成功了——这个“土耳其人”在阿拉尔孔看到局面相当糟糕,于是想让他的同伴们免受灾难，于是把科罗纳多引到了一定会迷路和挨饿的地方。
Passing the eastern-most point Alarcon had reached earlier at the east end of the green line, the massive group Coronado was leading continued east on the red line. This line is red because this trek soon became a source of great embarrassment and frustration for Coronado and his followers. It is red also because it was a near victory for the red slave the Spanish called the “Turk” – The Turk had seen how things had gone so badly at Alcanfor and sought to spare his people the same by pointing Coronado to a land in which he must surely get lost and starve.

科罗纳多和同伴们不知道的是，他们所依赖的这个“土耳其人”向导实际上是在指导探险队前进道路上的印第安人，以证实他一直告诉阿尔瓦拉多和科罗纳多的关于前方财富的事情。跟着他来到现在的维加，西班牙人进入了德克萨斯狭长地带的广阔平原——大草原埃斯塔多，那里到处都是野牛和游牧民族克雷克斯印第安人。在探险队从阿尔坎福出发的一开始，土耳其人对科罗纳多带着35天的补给品不以为然，因为要运回这么多财富，他们需要每一匹可用的马来完成这项工作。离开绿线三周后，他们的食物供应几乎耗尽。
Unbeknownst to Coronado and company, the Turk whom they were relying on as a guide was actually coaching Indians in the forward path of the expedition to confirm what he had been telling Alvarado and Coronado all along about the riches ahead. Following him to what is currently Vega had brought the Spanish into the vast flat expanse of the Texas Panhandle, the Llano Estacdo, filled with Buffalo and nomadic Querechos Indians. At the onset of the expedition from Alcanfor, the Turk had pooh-poohed Coronado’s taking along 35 days of supplies on the grounds that there would be such riches to haul back that they would need every available horse for the job. After three weeks since leaving the green line, their food supplies were nearly gone.

“土耳其人”引诱科罗纳多和他的同伴们来到西德克萨斯广阔平坦的草原上，为的是让他们“迷失”，这真是一个好计谋。如果西班牙人没有印第安人还未知的海军技术(指南针)，这个阴谋可能真会成功。
The Turk’s tempting Coronado and company into the vast flat grasslands of west Texas as a way of seeing them “get lost” was a stroke of genius. Had the Spanish not had naval technology (the compass) unknown to the Indians, the plot might have worked.

1541年夏秋两季，一位方济会修士，可能来自格兰德河的泰戈斯，在给新西班牙的其他神职人员的信中描述了这次经历。
A Franciscan with the expedition, writing to fellow clergy in New Spain, probably from Tiguex on the Rio Grande during the summer/fall of 1541, described the experience.

“关系......” 乔治·帕克·温希普，《科罗纳多远征1540-1542》(华盛顿:美国民族学局，1896年)，第578页:
“Relación…,” trans. George Parker Winship, The Coronado Expedition 1540-1542, (Washington: Bureau of American Ethnology, 1896), p. 578:

进出这些平原的营地是相当危险的,就好像一个人在海上旅行一样,因为唯一的道路是牛走过的路,那里都是一马平川,没有山和明显的地标,,如果一个人在看不见的地方,他就会迷路了。就因为这个原因,我们走丢了一个人,其他一些去打猎的人兜兜转转，迷失了两三天。
. . . It was so dangerous to travel or to go away from the camp in these plains, that it is as if one was traveling on the sea, since the only roads are those of the cows, and they are so level and have no mountain or prominent landmark, that if one went out of sight of it, he was lost, and in this way we lost one man, and others who went hunting wandered around two or three days lost . . .

大约就在这个时候，在图莱峡谷附近，一群科罗纳多的部队开始狩猎野牛来补充他们的食物储备，他们遇到了一群泰亚斯印第安人。这些克雷科人的敌人(“土耳其人”一直在指导他们)把他们带到了峡谷中的一个大的泰亚斯定居点。由于没有“土耳其人”早先提供的指导，他们声称北部地区不像“土耳其人”声称的那样是一块有石头建筑的土地，而是一些草屋。不言而喻，这里的泰亚斯人的房子都是用杆子和牛皮搭成的圆锥形帐篷。
It was at about this time near Tule Canyon that a group of Coronado’s troops hunting Buffalo for the first time to replenish their food stocks came upon a group of Teyas Indians. These enemies of the Querechos (whom the Turk had been coaching) led them to a large Teyas settlement in the canyon. Without the coaching the Turk had provided earlier, this group claimed that the area to the north was not a land of stone buildings like those of Cibola and Tiguex as the Turk claimed, but grass huts. And no words were needed to indicate that the homes of the Teyas here were teepees made of poles and buffalo hides.

“土耳其人“的谎言被揭穿了，于是在1541年5月26日,科罗纳多与他的部队决定大部分的探险活动应该回到泰戈斯，由阿雷拉诺领导。他只带30人往北朝着泰亚斯和西西克代表们的奴隶所说的方向，前往基维拉。
“Turk’s” lie to the Spanish was exposed, and on May 26, 1541, Coronado with the counsel of his troops decided that the bulk of the expedition should return to Tiguex under Arellano, and that he with just 30 men would travel north to Quivira in the direction both the Teyas group and the other slave to the Cicúique representatives had been all along been saying to be Quivira.

尽管科罗纳多认为这个“土耳其人”活着总比死了更有用，但在他的部队的坚持下，这个“土耳其人”认罪后就被杀了，暗示着西西克当地人参与了这个阴谋。
Though Coronado thought the Turk more useful alive than dead, at the insistence of his troops he had him killed after the Turk confessed, implicating natives of Cicuicue in the plot.

如果你去堪萨斯城西南的草原中心，你仍然有可能体验迷失在中西部草原的本地高草中。每年夏天，300英亩的本地高草可以达到12英尺的高度(但有一些路径可以防止你迷路): 草原中心, 26235 W. 135 St. at Cedar Niles Road, in west Olathe, Kansas。每天开放。(913) 209 - 0207。在这篇笔记的文本中有一个相关信息的链接。
It is still possible to experience being lost in the native tall grasses of the midwest prairie if you go to the Prairie Center southwest of Kansas City, Kansas. Three hundred acres of native tall grass reach their full height of 12 feet each summer (but there are paths to keep you from getting lost):Prairie Center, 26235 W. 135th St. at Cedar Niles Road, in west Olathe, Kansas. Daily. (913) 209-0207. There’s a link with info about it in the print version of this note.

关于科罗纳多在德克萨斯州的确切路线和目的地，学者们存在一些分歧。这并不奇怪，因为科罗纳多自己也不知道具体在哪里，事实上，他曾迷路三个星期。地图上的红色和黄色线是历史学家尤金·博尔顿的最佳猜测。另外有一部很出色的户外历史戏剧“德州”，每年夏天在阿马里洛附近的帕洛杜罗峡谷演出，里面也有一些最新的讨论。806-655-2181。你不仅能看到历史的另一个呈现,你还可以领略这条峡谷的美景，博尔顿声称这是“第二峡谷”(营地)，科罗纳多则称之为“深峡谷”。
There is some disagreement among scholars about Coronado’s exact routing and destinations in Texas. This is not surprising, since Coronado himself didn’t know exactly where he was, and was in fact lost for three weeks. The red and yellow lines on the map are the best guess of historian Eugene Bolton, and one modern argument for leaving them that way is that the very excellent outdoor historic drama “TEXAS” plays summers in Palo Duro Canyon near Amarillo. 806-655-2181 Not only do you see another slice of history, you also experience the beauty of this canyon which Bolton claims is the “second barranca” (camp) Coronado made in what he calls the “deep canyon.”

科罗纳多实际上一直往南，到过迪瓦卡和埃斯特班之前走过的地方，想要了解更多观点和信息，请点击这个文本末尾的链接。
For more on alternate views that have Coronado actually traveling as far south as near where deVaca and Esteban walked earlier, click this link that’s at the end of the text version of this note.