科罗纳多CORONADO

在堪萨斯州奥拉西的圣达菲路上的马哈非屋休息站，是提供给那些穿越大陆去建立他们的小农场的拓荒者们休息的，但是这并不是奥拉西应该出现在地图上的原因。如果你正在寻找撕心裂肺的痛苦,我建议你去奥拉西草原中心看看大象一样高的草丛,然后想象你就是科罗纳多，带着你的那些随从，你们在德克萨斯州，来到这里，来到这个让你们失去方向的地方。我不得不承认，印第安人(长得像土耳其人那些)引诱科罗纳多和他的同伴们进入西德克萨斯广阔平坦的草原，让他们“迷路”，真是天才之举。要是当时他们没有海军技术装备(指南针)，印第安人的阴谋可能就成功了，印第安人不知道他们有这个技术。
The Mahaffie House rest stop on the Santa Fe Trail in Olathe, Kansas for the oh-so-weary pioneers traipsing across the continent to set up their little farms etc etc is NOT the reason Olathe should be on the map. If you’re looking for gut-wrenching, I say check out Prairie Center in Olathe when the grass is as high as an elephant’s eye, and imagine you are Coronado with all your men behind you and you are in Texas up to here with the stuff to where you can’t even see where you’re going. I will have to admit that the Indian [the Turk’s] tempting Coronado and his company into the vast flat grasslands of west Texas as a way of seeing them “get lost” was a stroke of genius. If they had not had naval technology (the compass) unknown to the Indians, the Indians’ plot might have worked.

1541年夏秋，远征队中有一位方济会修道士，可能来自格兰德河的泰格爱科斯，他给新西班牙的同行们写信，描述了这次经历。
A Franciscan with the expedition, writing to fellow clergy in New Spain, probably from Tiguex on the Rio Grande during the summer, fall, of 1541, described the experience.

《关系……》译作，乔治·帕克·温希普《科罗纳多远征1540-1542》，(华盛顿:美国民族学局，1896年)，第578页:
“Relación…,” trans. George Parker Winship, The Coronado Expedition 1540-1542, (Washington: Bureau of American Ethnology, 1896), p. 578:

……在这些平原上进出营地都是非常危险的，就像在海上旅行一样，因为唯一的通道就是那些奶牛[他们称之为野牛]走的路。那些路很平坦，没有山路或突出的地标，如果一个人走得看不见了，他就迷路了。我们就是因为这样，走丢了一个人，还有其他一些人出去打猎，迷路了两三天……
. . . It was so dangerous to travel or to go away from the camp in these plains, that it is as if one was traveling on the sea, since the only roads are those of the cows [That’s what they called the buffalo bison.], and they are so level and have no mountain or prominent landmark, that if one went out of sight of it, he was lost, and in this way we lost one man, and others who went hunting wandered around two or three days lost . . . .

如果你去堪萨斯城西南部的奥拉西草原中心，你仍然有可能在中西部大草原的野生高草中迷失方向。每年夏天，300英亩的野生高草会长到12英尺高(但是会有防止你迷路的小路)。这里有一些链接，以便你了解那里的动态信息:
It is still possible to experience being lost in the native tall grasses of the midwest prairie if you go to the Prairie Center southwest of Kansas City to Olathe. Three hundred acres of native tall grass reach their full height of 12 feet each summer (but there are paths to keep you from getting lost). And here are a few links to keep you on track:

● 草原中心-介绍，时间，方位，联系方式
● Prairie Center - Intro, Hours, Directions, Contact

● 十天天气预报
● 10 day weather forecast

在鱼群之中
Among the Fish

科罗纳多和他的手下在去德克萨斯和堪萨斯的途中还遇见了大量的野牛，以及以野牛为生的提亚和奎尔科斯印第安人。他们是这样说的:
Other experiences Coronado and his men had on their excursion to Texas and Kansas were the plentitude of buffalo, and the Teyas and Querechos Indians who lived off the buffalo. Here’s what they said:

《关系……》第576和578页：
“Relación…,” pp. 576, 578:

"……野牛的数量如此之多，以至于我无法来比喻了，只能用海里的鱼群来形容。因为这次旅途中，以及后来整个军队去基维拉时,我们遇上了无数的野牛，很多时候我们想穿过牛群中间去另一边都不可能，牛群遍布整个大陆。它们的肉和西班牙牛肉一样好，有人说它甚至更好一些……
". . . There is such a quantity of buffalo that I do not know what to compare them with, except with the fish in the sea, because on this journey, as also on that which the whole army afterward made when it was going to Quivira, there were so many that many times when we started to pass through the midst of them and wanted to go through to the other side of them, we were not able to, because the country was covered with them. The flesh of these is as good as that of Castile, and some said it was even better. . . .

……有两种人会随着牛群[又是野牛]在这些平原上旅行;一种是奎尔科斯人，另一种是提亚人:他们体格健壮，身上涂有颜色，彼此之间是敌人。他们没有固定的居住地，随着牛群四处游荡。他们随意宰杀牛群，然后把兽皮晒成棕色…… 把这些记录下来，好吗，奥拉。
. . .Two kinds of people travel around these plains with the cows [the buffalo again]; one is called Querechos and the others Teyas: they are very well built, and painted, and are enemies of each other. They have no other settlement or location than comes from traveling around with the cows. They kill all of these they wish, and tan the hides. . . . Make a note of that, would you, Aura.

科罗纳多的一个士兵也写下了他对平原印第安人的观察:
One of Coronado’s soldiers wrote down his observations of the plains Indians also:

《关系……》第570页：
“Relación…,” p. 570:

……他们用兽皮做房子，用兽皮做衣服和鞋子，用兽皮和羊毛做绳子;他们用肉做线，用线缝衣服，建房子;他们用骨头做锥子;用粪便做木材，因为在那里没有别的东西;用牛的胃做容器盛酒喝。他们以肉为食;他们有时半生半熟地烤着吃，有时在粪便上捂热一下，有时甚至生吃; 他们用手指抓肉，一只手拉，另一只手用石刀切下几口，嚼了一半就吞下去。他们生吃肥肉，不加热;他们直接喝新鲜的牛血，没有的话，有时也喝又冷又生的血;他们没有其它的谋生手段。
. . . With the skins they make their houses, with the skins they clothe and shoe themselves, of the skins they make rope, and also of the wool; from the sinews they make thread, with which they sew their clothes and also their houses; from the bones they make awls; the dung serves them for wood, because there is nothing else in that country; the stomachs serve them for pitchers and vessels from which they drink; they live on the flesh; they sometimes eat it half roasted and warmed over the dung, at other times raw; seizing it with their fingers, they pull it out with one hand and with a flint knife in the other they cut off mouthfuls, and thus swallow it half chewed; they eat the fat raw, without warming it; they drink the blood just as it leaves the cows, and at other times after it has run out, cold and raw; they have no other means of livelihood.

《关系……》第578页：
“Relación…,” p. 578:

[方济会修道士补充说]……他们搭建的帐篷就像露营帐篷一样,是用杆子撑起来的,然后在顶部绑在一起。他们养了很多狗，当他们从一个地方搬另一个地方时，他们会让狗背着帐篷、杆子和其它一些东西。正如我说过的，这个地方非常平整，他们充分利用了这个优势,可以沿着地面拖着这个杆子走……鹿皮和牛皮就扔了。他们用一些披风和河边的印第安人交换玉米。
[The Franciscan adds] . . . the tents they make are like field tents, and they set them up over some poles they have made for this purpose, which come together and are tied at the top, and when they go from one place to another they carry them on some dogs they have, of which they have many, and they load them with the tents and poles and other things, for the country is so level, as I said, that they can make use of these, because they carry the poles dragging along on the ground. . . . Skins of deer and cows [are] left over. They exchange some cloaks with the natives of the river for corn.

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