科罗纳多CORONADO

巴托洛姆·德·拉斯·卡萨斯与他的父亲和叔叔在1493年哥伦布的第一次航行中到达了中美洲的圣萨尔瓦多。正因为他，我们才知道了哥伦布的航海日志，因为他抄写的原始航海日志丢失了。他目睹了圣萨尔瓦多以及他最终游历的美洲其它地区发生的事情，他把自己的观察和观点写进了小册子和书籍中，其中有两本我们知道的是
Bartolome de las Casas arrived in San Salvador that’s in central America with his father and uncle on Columbus’ first voyage in 1493. He’s why we know about Columbus’ log, because the original, which las Casas transcribed, got lost. He saw what happened on San Salvador and in other parts of the Americas that he eventually journeyed to, and he put his observations and opinions in pamphlets and books, two of which we know as

1)《印度群岛历史》(纽约:哈珀和罗出版社，1971年)，涵盖了从哥伦布到征服墨西哥的过程
1) History of the Indies, (New York: Harper and Row, 1971), which covers from Columbus through the conquest of Mexico, and

2)《印度群岛毁灭简史》(又名《印第安人的眼泪》)(斯坦福:学术再版，1953年)。
2) Very Brief Relation of the Destruction of the Indies (also published as The Tears of the Indians) (Stanford: Academic Reprints, 1953).

来自吉特戈的多米尼加传教士们反对奴役当地人:1510年，佛雷·安东·蒙特西诺在西班牙在美国的首都圣多明各发表了一篇由他的传教士同行所作的布道，谴责老板们强迫当地人在他们开创的矿山和农场中劳作。
From the gitgo, the Dominican missionaries objected to enslaving the natives: In 1510, Frey Antón Montecino delivered a sermon composed by his fellow missionaries to the honchos at Spain’s American capital in Santo Domingo damning them for forcing the natives to work the mines and agriculture they’d started up.

1518年末，圣萨尔瓦多的泰诺印第安人染上了天花。奴役和疾病使巴托洛姆·德·拉斯·卡萨斯感到厌恶，他从大多数船友一样的猎金人转变成了牧师。他最终成为了墨西哥恰帕斯的主教，并严厉批评他的西班牙同胞，指出在圣萨尔瓦多，自从西班牙人在第一次接触圣萨尔瓦多以来的短短十年里，大约300万土著居民只剩下不到1000人了。奴役,战争,疾病。“在未来的几个世纪里，谁会相信这些?”他写道。“我自己……亲眼看见了……简直不敢相信这是真的。”
Then, in late 1518, the Taino Indians on San Salvador came down with smallpox. The combination of enslavement and disease disgusted Bartolome de las Casas to the degree that he swtiched careers from being a gold hound like most of his shipmates to being a clergyman. He eventually became the bishop of Chiapas, Mexico, and castigated his fellow Spaniards noting that in San Salvador, for instance, no more than a thousand natives were left of the approximately 3 million the Spanish had seen there a mere decade from first contact. Enslavement, warfare, disease. “Who of those in future centuries will believe this? he wrote. “I myself who … saw it … can hardly believe that such was possible.”

德·拉斯·卡萨斯成了印第安人的捍卫者，他反对梵蒂冈强迫异教徒皈依的立场，声称印第安人不应该被迫帮助农场主和矿主干活，但是这并没有让他受欢迎。同时，他并没有论及土著人死去以后用进口的黑奴来替代的问题。在那个时代，他是一个独特的人:黑人奴隶制已经持续了几个世纪,但是在他晚年,他竟然站出来攻击这一制度。
De las Casas became a champion of the Indians, and argued against the Vatican’s position that forced conversion of heathens and infidels was okay. Claiming the Indians shouldn’t be forced to help the plantation owners and miners didn‘t make him popular with them, either, even though he didn’t take issue with replacing the natives with imported black slaves when the natives died off. But he was a real odd-ball for his time: Black slavery had been going on for centuries, but in old age he even came out against that.

● 获得书籍
● Get book