科罗纳多CORONADO

科尔特斯是当时的风云人物:他实力强盛，以国王的名义征服了墨西哥，他的堂兄弟皮萨罗也使秘鲁臣服了。科尔特斯完成了哥伦布没有实现的梦想：向西(尽管是从墨西哥出发)派遣一艘船到摩鹿加东方香料群岛。尽管如此(事实上也正因为如此)，国王与科尔特斯之间存在一些问题。陛下召唤科尔特斯到西班牙捍卫他在美洲的权利。
Cortes was the man of the hour: With fierce energy he had subjugated Mexico in the name of the crown, and his cousin Pizzaro had brought Peru under its sway. Cortes had accomplished what Columbus’ tried and failed to do: send a ship to the Moluccas oriental spice islands by going west (albeit from the Mexico). Despite all this (and indeed, because of it), the King had issues with Cortes. His Highness summoned Cortes to Spain to defend his rights in America.

于是，国王派门多萨前往美洲，他随身带着皇家证件，他被授权任命开拓北方的探险者们，科尔特斯在此之前一直声称对那里享有专有权。
And the Crown dispatched Mendoza to America. He carried with him a royal cedula authorizing him to name explorers for the north where Cortes heretofore claimed exclusive rights.

回到美洲后，科尔特斯一如既往地继续前进，这一次，在1539年，他带领殖民队伍向北来到加利福尼亚的珍珠岛。这样的积极行动并没有得到再次奖励，门多萨作为新西班牙第一任总督，一上任就把他召回了，包括殖民地在内。
Upon his return to America, Cortes carried on as before, this time leading a colony north to the Island of Pearls (California) in 1539. Such initiative was not to be rewarded again; This time Cortes was recalled, colony and all, in one of Mendoza’s first acts as New Spain’s first viceroy.

赫伯特·伊·博尔顿，《科罗纳多:普韦布洛斯和平原的骑士》(阿尔伯克基:新墨西哥大学出版社，1949年)，第14页:
Herbert E. Bolton, Coronado: Knight of Pueblos and Plains (Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press, 1949), p.14:

"门多萨担任总督，主要是为了在这片纷乱的美洲边疆建立王室权威，并遏制任何有野心有权力可能危及王室利益的人。他有特殊使命，结束猖獗的印第安奴隶制和其它征服者的虐待行为......[比如科尔特斯的领地上的23000个印第安家庭。]
"Mendoza had come as viceroy primarily to estab­lish royal authority on this seething American frontier, and to put a check on anybody whose ambitions and power might make him dangerous to the interests of the Crown. He was especially instructed to end rampant Indian slavery and other abuses practiced by the conquistadors.… [such as Cortes’ encomendero over 23,000 Indian households.]

为了迎合国王，科尔特斯的行为过于一意孤行——他是一个威胁了：早些时候，当他征服墨西哥时，古巴总督派特使将他从墨西哥召回，科尔特斯居然劝说特使放弃他的使命，并加入他的行列。
Cortes acted too much on his own to suit the King – he was a threat: When the Cuban governor earlier sent an envoy to recall him from Mexico while he was conquering it, he persuaded the envoy to abandon his purpose and join him.

另一方面，科罗纳多是一个十足的新人，在见到门多萨之前，从未去过墨西哥。事实证明，他是忠诚的:他接受了门多萨给他的任务，而且不择不扣地去完成。他是一个忠诚的人。
Coronado, on the other hand, was brand new, having never been in Mexico before meeting Mendoza. And he proved loyal: He undertook assignments as Mendoza offered them, and he did not undertake to go beyond their completion. He was a company man.

赫伯特·伊·博尔顿，《科罗纳多:普韦布洛斯和平原的骑士》(阿尔伯克基:新墨西哥大学出版社，1949年)，第49页:
Herbert E. Bolton, Coronado: Knight of Pueblos and Plains (Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press, 1949 p. 49:

[正如祖玛拉加主教(在给他侄子的信中)所说的:]马奎斯[科尔特斯]声称征服的[西波拉]是属于他的，但总督[门多萨]却替国王拿下了它……征服可能是基督教和罗马教皇的的，而不是一场屠杀。
"[As Bishop Zumárraga (writing to his nephew) said:] The Marques [Cortes] claims the conquest of [Cibola] belongs to him, but the viceroy [Mendoza] is taking it for the Emperor … that the conquest may be Christian and apostolic, and not a butchery."

还有什么人比科罗纳多更适合执行门多萨的计划呢?
What better man to carry out Mendoza’s plan than Coronado?

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