科罗纳多CORONADO

这就是问题所在:你如何告诉别人，你必须拥有他们所拥有的东西，以一种让他们产生共鸣的方式。我想见见能做到这一点的这位推销员!
That’s the question: How do you tell somebody you’ve got to have what they’ve got in a way they can sympathize with. I want to meet the salesman who can make that happen!

弗雷·马科斯给门多萨总督讲了一个故事，从他去西波拉的艰难旅程中，他说那里有 - 肯定有 - 一些值得拥有的东西，而且西波拉人显然不会放过任何一个可能接近的人。
The story Fray Marcos brought to Viceroy Mendoza from his ill-fated journey to Cibola was that there was - must be - something there worth having, and that apparently the Cibolans were not above killing anyone who might come close.

当科罗纳多远征队在孔波斯特拉集结时，门多萨派出了一个由15名骑兵组成的侦察团，在梅尔班·迪亚兹的带领下，去核实马科斯修士的故事。冬季的来临使迪亚兹无法到达西波拉，他向门多萨报告了一路上他从印第安人那里学到的东西，门多萨在给国王的信中详细引用了迪亚兹寄给门多萨的信：
While the Coronado expedition was mustering at Compostela, Mendoza sent a reconnaissance mission of fifteen horsemen under Melchoir Díaz to verify Friar Marcos’ story. Diáz reported to Mendoza what he learned from Indians he met along the way before winter stopped him short of Cibola itself, and Mendoza’s letter to the King quotes at length from the letter Diáz dispatched to Mendoza:

安东尼奥·德·门多萨，“......给国王......”，[雅克纳，1540年4月17日]，乔治·帕克·温希普译，《科罗纳多远征1540-1542》，(华盛顿:美国民族学局，1896年)，第551页:
Antonio de Mendoza, “… al emperador …,” [Jacona, April 17, 1540], trans. George Parker Winship, The Coronado Expedition 1540-1542, (Washington: Bureau of American Ethnology, 1896), p. 551:

埃斯特班这个黑人死了，修士马科斯已经向陛下具体描述了情况,所以这里我就不再汇报了。我想说的是，西波拉人给这个村子及周边的人传话，说如果有基督徒过来,他们不会特殊对待,他们会杀死他们的，因为他们是危险的——他们说他们了解这个情况是因为他们曾经把之前来这里的人的骨头保留下来了，如果他们不敢这样做，他们应该传话，这样的话，那些[在西波拉的]人才能过来。
The death of Esteban the negro took place in the way the father, Friar Marcos, described it to your lordship, and so I do not make a report of it here, except that the people at Cibóla sent word to those of this village and in its neighborhood that if any Christians should come, they ought not to consider them as anything peculiar, and ought to kill them, because they were mortal - saying that they had learned this because they kept the bones of the one who had come there: and that, if they did not dare to do this, they should send word so that those (at Cibóla) could come and do it.

所以科罗纳多知道他正在进入一个可能非常危险的境地，但他也得到了国王的指示，要公平对待土著人，并试图通过贸易和友善来赢得他们。
So Coronado knew he was marching into a possibly hazardous situation, but he also had the King’s instructions to be fair to the natives and attempt to win them over with trade and being friendly.

科罗纳多打算谈判。在大批军队会合之前，他派了一小群人去侦察。卡德纳斯带领着这群人，遇到了四个怀着同样目的的西波拉人，他用手语告诉他们西班牙人是和善的，他送给了他们一些小礼物，他们接受了。西波拉人答应给军队提供食物。卡德纳斯把其中的两个人扣留下来了，一直到科罗纳多过来，科罗纳多很高兴，并给了他们额外的礼物。
Coronado meant to negotiate. Before the massed armies met, he sent out a small group to reconnoiter. Cardenas, heading this group, encountered a group of four Cibolans with the same purpose, and with sign language told them the Spanish had come in peace, and he gave them small gifts which they accepted. The Cibolans promised food for the troops. Cardenas held two of them hostage until Coronado’s arrival, and Coronado was pleasant to them and gave additional gifts.

第二天，科罗纳多和他的队伍遇到了另一小群西波拉人，他们通过翻译解释说，他们是来把他们带到西班牙国王统治的领地中来，如果他们和平投降，就不会受到伤害。尽管科罗纳多更希望和平，但他带来的威胁和两名人质的扣留使和平变得不太可能。我想我可以实现和平的方式，但是......我当时不在现场。
The next day, Coronado and his group came across another small group of Cibolans and explained through interpretors that they had come to bring them within the dominion of the Spanish King, and that if they submitted peacefully, they would not be harmed. Though Coronado would have preferred a peaceful encounter, his threat and his holding the two hostages, he made a peaceful encounter less likely. I’d like to think I could have made it happen, but . . . I wasn’t on the scene then.

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