奥拉AURA

在科罗拉多有一些你看不到的东西，但我们把它们放在了地图上。我们相信，让世界变得更好的唯一途径就是让更多的人知道正在发生的事情。所以呢，我给大家分享这篇由世界资源研究所提供的“氰化物的危害”的文章。这是科罗纳多不久前告诉我的。听听看，哭吧:
There are a few things in Colorado that you can’t see but that we put on our map. We believe the only way the world is going to get any better is if more people know what’s happening. That’s why I present whoever’s out there with info like this Perils of Cyanide article that comes courtesy of The World Resources Institute. Coronado is the one who told me about this some time ago. Hear this and weep:

“氰化物的危害”，世界资源研究所，《1994年环境年鉴》，(波士顿:霍顿米夫林公司，1994年)，第166-167页:
“The Perils of Cyanide,” World Resources Institute, The 1994 Information Please Environmental Almanac, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1994), pp. 166-7:

"使用一种被称为氰化物堆浸的方法来从矿石中提取有价值的金属，这种金矿开采方式受到了广泛批评。在这个过程中，氰化物溶液被喷洒在成堆的碎矿石上以溶解黄金。这个过程效率非常高，以至于每吨只有0.01盎司黄金的矿石都可以被经济地开采出来。1979年用氰化物堆浸方式产出的黄金只有468284盎司，但是到了1991年，估计产出了940万盎司。与此同时，西部露天矿的数量从32个增加到了265个，其中大多数都使用氰化物堆浸。
"One widely criticized gold mining practice uses a method called cyanide heap leaching to extract valuable metal from ore. In this process, a cyanide solution is sprayed over heaps of crushed ore to dissolve the gold. The process is so efficient that ores with as little as 0.01 troy ounce of gold per ton can be mined economically. While only 468,284 troy ounces of gold were produced by cyanide heap leaching in 1979, an estimated 9.4 million troy ounces were produced in 1991. Meanwhile, the number of open-pit gold mines in the West increased from 32 to 265; most used cyanide heap leaching.

"巨大的坑洞破坏了景观，这种开采方式还用氰化物污染了环境。1990年，科罗拉多州萨米特维尔矿井发生了氰化物泄漏事故，导致阿拉莫萨河17英里范围内所有水生生物的死亡。该公司被州政府罚款了10万美元，但该矿井在1991年又发生了两次氰化物泄漏。随后，它破产了，留给纳税人的清理费用估计为2000万美元——政府要支付联邦土地上某些废弃、暂停或未经授权的采矿作业的清理费用估计为2.83亿美元。
"Besides scarring the landscape with huge pits, this form of mining can also poison the environment with cyanide. In 1990, the operation at Colorado’s Summitville mine leaked cyanide, killing all aquatic life in a 17-mile stretch of the Alamosa River. The company was fined $100,000 by the state, but the mine leaked cyanide two more times in 1991. Then it went bankrupt, leaving taxpayers with an estimated $20 million cleanup - part of an estimated $283 million in cleanup costs that the government will have to pay for certain abandoned, suspended, or unauthorized mining operations on federal lands.

美国环境保护署(EPA)的超级基金名单中包含了77个与采矿相关的地点，这些地点都是该机构最优先考虑的危险废弃物清理项目。加州雷丁附近的废弃铁矿就是这样一个地方，它向萨克拉门托河泄漏酸和铜、镉、锌、砷和铅等有毒矿物质，而萨克拉门托河是该州3000万居民中三分之二的主要饮用水水源。1992年初，在长达6年的干旱最严重的时候，联邦水资源管理部门被迫从上游水库释放宝贵的水，以稀释矿井中渗出的有毒物质。环保署专家估计，清理费用可能达到3500万美元。
The Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Superfund list contains 77 mining-related sites that are among the agency’s top priority hazardous waste cleanup projects. One such site, the abandoned Iron Mountain Mine near Redding, California, leaks acids and toxic minerals such as copper, cadmium, zinc, arsenic, and lead into the Sacramento River, the ultimate source of drinking water for two thirds of the state’s 30 million residents. In early 1992, at the peak of a six-year drought, federal water managers were forced to release precious water from upstream reservoirs to dilute toxic seepage from the mine. EPA experts estimate cleanup costs may reach $35 million.

那是过去的事了。现在虽然取得了一些进展，但是还有更多的工作要去做。您可以通过本文中西内提供的链接来了解您所在地区河流的最新情况。尽管它被称为美国河流，但是西内也提到了中国最大的河流发生的事情。这不仅仅是美国的问题，所以不管你来自哪里，了解一下吧。最好还是同时来点享受  (歌词)吧。
That was then. This is now, with some progress, but more to do. You can get up-to-date on rivers in your neck-of-the-woods with the link Sine put in the text version of this note. Though it’s called American Rivers, he’s already mentioned what’s been going on with the biggest river they’ve got in China. This isn’t just an American problem, so wherever you’re from, get with it. May as well have some fun while you're at it  (lyrics).

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